| Age | 4.7 billion years | slightly younger than the Earth | |
| Diameter | |||
| absolute | 3 475.6 km | 2159.7 mi | |
| apparent | as seen from Earth | ||
| mean | 31'5" | ||
| at perigee | 33'31" | closest to Earth | |
| at apogee | 29'22" | furthest from Earth | |
| Surface area | 37.9×106 km2 | 14.6×106 sq mi | |
| Volume | |||
| absolute | 2.2×1019 m3 | 7.77×1020 cu ft | |
| relative to Earth | 0.0203:1 | 1:49.261 | |
| Mass | |||
| absolute | 7.353×1022 kg | 7.2×1019 tons | |
| relative to Earth | 0.0123:1 | 1:81.301 | |
| Density | mean | ||
| absolute | 3340 kg/m3 | 209 lb/ft3 | |
| relative to Water | 3.342:1 | 1:0.299 | |
| Gravity | at surface | ||
| absolute | 1.62 m/s2 | 5.31 ft/s2 | |
| relative to Earth | 0.1653:1 | 6.05:1 | |
| Escape velocity | 2.38 km/s | 1.48 mi/s | |
| Distance from Earth | |||
| centre to centre | |||
| mean | 384 400 km | 238 866 mi | |
| at perigee | 356 410 km | 221 473 mi | closest to Earth |
| at apogee | 406 697 km | 252 722 mi | furthest from Earth |
| surface to surface | |||
| mean | 376 284 km | 233 823 mi | |
| at perigee | 348 294 km | 216430 mi | closest to Earth |
| at apogee | 398 581 km | 247 679 mi | furthest from Earth |
| Period | days, hours, minutes, seconds | ||
| sidereal | 27.32166d | 27d 7h 43m 11.4s | revolution around Earth, measured against stars |
| draconic | 27.21222d | 27d 5h 5m 35.8s | nodical month, starting and ending at same node |
| synodic | 29.53059d | 29d 12h 44m 3.0s | lunation, new moon to new moon or full moon to full moon |
| anomalistic | 27.55455d | 27d 13h 18m 33.1s | perigee to perigee or apogee to apogee |
| axial rotation | 27.32166d | 27d 7h 43m 11.4s | lunar day |
| Orbital details | |||
| velocity | 3 680 km/h | 2 287 mph | mean |
| inclination | 5°9' | ||
| eccentricity | 0.0549 | ||
| Axial inclination | 1°32' | equator relative to ecliptic | |
| Surface temperature | |||
| maximum | 105°C | 221°F | |
| minimum | -155°C | -247°F | |
| Albedo | 0.073 | reflectivity, from 0 to 1 | |
| Magnitude | -12.7 | mean at full moon | |